Energy Law of People's Republic of China

第一章　总则

第一条　为了推动能源高质量发展，保障国家能源安全，促进经济社会绿色低碳转型和可持续发展，积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和，适应全面建设社会主义现代化国家需要，根据宪法，制定本法。

第二条　本法所称能源，是指直接或者通过加工、转换而取得有用能的各种资源，包括煤炭、石油、天然气、核能、水能、风能、太阳能、生物质能、地热能、海洋能以及电力、热力、氢能等。

第三条　能源工作应当坚持中国共产党的领导，贯彻新发展理念和总体国家安全观，统筹发展和安全，实施推动能源消费革命、能源供给革命、能源技术革命、能源体制革命和全方位加强国际合作的能源安全新战略，坚持立足国内、多元保障、节约优先、绿色发展，加快构建清洁低碳、安全高效的新型能源体系。

第四条　国家坚持多措并举、精准施策、科学管理、社会共治的原则，完善节约能源政策，加强节约能源管理，综合采取经济、技术、宣传教育等措施，促进经济社会发展全过程和各领域全面降低能源消耗，防止能源浪费。

第五条　国家完善能源开发利用政策，优化能源供应结构和消费结构，积极推动能源清洁低碳发展，提高能源利用效率。

第六条　国家加快建立主体多元、统一开放、竞争有序、监管有效的能源市场体系，依法规范能源市场秩序，平等保护能源市场各类主体的合法权益。

第七条　国家完善能源产供储销体系，健全能源储备制度和能源应急机制，提升能源供给能力，保障能源安全、稳定、可靠、有效供给。

第八条　国家建立健全能源标准体系，保障能源安全和绿色低碳转型，促进能源新技术、新产业、新业态发展。

第九条　国家加强能源科技创新能力建设，支持能源开发利用的科技研究、应用示范和产业化发展，为能源高质量发展提供科技支撑。

第十条　国家坚持平等互利、合作共赢的方针，积极促进能源国际合作。

第十一条　县级以上人民政府应当加强对能源工作的组织领导和统筹协调，及时研究解决能源工作中的重大问题。

第十二条　国务院能源主管部门负责全国能源工作。

第十三条　县级以上人民政府及其有关部门应当采取多种形式，加强对节约能源、能源安全和能源绿色低碳发展的宣传教育，增强全社会的节约能源意识、能源安全意识，促进形成绿色低碳的生产生活方式。

第十四条　对在能源工作中做出突出贡献的单位和个人，按照国家有关规定给予表彰、奖励。

Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution with a view to promoting high-quality energy development, ensuring national energy security, promoting green and low-carbon transformation and sustainable development of the economy and society, actively yet prudently promoting carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, and meeting the needs of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way.

Article 2 The term "energy" as used in this Law refers to all kinds of resources from which useful energy is obtained directly or through processing or conversion, including coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear energy, hydro energy, wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, Marine energy, electric power, heat energy and hydrogen energy.

Article 3 In energy work, we shall adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China, implement the new development concept and the overall national security concept, coordinate development and security, implement the new energy security strategy of promoting energy consumption revolution, energy supply revolution, energy technology revolution, energy system revolution, and all-round strengthening of international cooperation, and adhere to domestic, diversified security, conservation priority, and green development. We will accelerate the building of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient new energy system.

Article 4 The State adheres to the principles of taking multiple measures at the same time, adopting precise policies, scientific management and social co-governance, improves energy conservation policies, strengthens energy conservation management, adopts economic, technological, publicity and education measures in a comprehensive manner, promotes the overall reduction of energy consumption in the whole process of economic and social development and in all fields, and prevents energy waste.

Article 5 The State improves the policies for energy development and utilization, optimizes the structure of energy supply and consumption, actively promotes the clean and low-carbon development of energy, and improves the efficiency of energy utilization.

Article 6 The State shall speed up the establishment of an energy market system featuring diverse entities, unified, open, orderly competition and effective supervision, standardize the order of the energy market according to law, and equally protect the legitimate rights and interests of all types of entities in the energy market.

Article 7 The State improves the system of energy production, supply, storage and marketing, improves the energy reserve system and the energy emergency response mechanism, enhances the energy supply capacity, and ensures a safe, stable, reliable and effective supply of energy.

Article 8 The State establishes a sound system of energy standards, ensures energy security and green and low-carbon transformation, and promotes the development of new energy technologies, new industries and new forms of business.

Article 9 The State shall strengthen the building of energy scientific and technological innovation capacity, support scientific and technological research, application demonstration and industrial development of energy development and utilization, and provide scientific and technological support for high-quality energy development.

Article 10 The State adheres to the principle of equality, mutual benefit and win-win cooperation and actively promotes international energy cooperation.

Article 11 People's governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the organization, leadership, overall planning and coordination of energy work, and promptly study and solve major problems in energy work.

Article 12 The competent department of energy under The State Council shall be responsible for the work of energy throughout the country. Other relevant departments of The State Council shall be responsible for relevant energy work within the scope of their respective functions and responsibilities. 

Article 13 People's governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall, in various forms, strengthen publicity and education on energy conservation, energy security and green and low-carbon development of energy, enhance the awareness of energy conservation and energy security of the whole society, and promote the formation of green and low-carbon ways of production and life. 

Article 14 Units and individuals that have made outstanding contributions to energy work shall be commended and rewarded in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State.

第二章　能源规划

第十五条　国家制定和完善能源规划，发挥能源规划对能源发展的引领、指导和规范作用。

第十六条　全国综合能源规划由国务院能源主管部门会同国务院有关部门组织编制。全国综合能源规划应当依据国民经济和社会发展规划编制，并与国土空间规划等相关规划衔接。

第十七条　省、自治区、直辖市人民政府能源主管部门会同有关部门，依据全国综合能源规划、相关全国分领域能源规划、相关区域能源规划，组织编制本省、自治区、直辖市的能源规划。

第十八条　编制能源规划，应当遵循能源发展规律，坚持统筹兼顾，强化科学论证。组织编制能源规划的部门应当征求有关部门、相关企业和行业组织以及有关专家等方面的意见。

第十九条　能源规划按照规定的权限和程序报经批准后实施。

第二十条　组织编制能源规划的部门应当就能源规划实施情况组织开展评估。根据评估结果确需对能源规划进行调整的，应当报经原批准机关同意，国家另有规定的除外。

Chapter II Energy Planning

Article 15 The State shall formulate and improve energy plans and give full play to the guiding, guiding and normative role of energy plans in energy development. 

Article 16 The national comprehensive energy plan shall be formulated by the competent energy department under The State Council in conjunction with the relevant departments under The State Council. The national comprehensive energy plan shall be formulated on the basis of the national economic and social development plan, and shall be connected with the territorial and spatial planning and other relevant plans. The competent energy department under The State Council shall, in conjunction with relevant departments under The State Council, organize and compile the national energy plan by sector. 

Article 17 The competent department of energy of the people's government of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government shall, in conjunction with other relevant departments, organize the compilation of the energy plans of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government in accordance with the national comprehensive energy plan, the relevant national energy plans in various fields and the relevant regional energy plans. 

Article 18 In drawing up energy plans, the law of energy development shall be followed, overall considerations shall be adhered to, and scientific argumentation shall be strengthened. Departments that organize the preparation of energy plans shall solicit opinions from relevant departments, relevant enterprises and trade organizations, as well as relevant experts.

Article 19 An energy plan shall be implemented after being submitted for approval in accordance with the prescribed limits of authority and procedures. 

Article 20 The department that organizes the preparation of the energy plan shall organize the evaluation of the implementation of the energy plan. If it is necessary to adjust the energy plan according to the assessment results, it shall be reported to the original approving authority for approval, except as otherwise provided by the State.

第三章　能源开发利用

第二十一条　国家根据能源资源禀赋情况和经济社会可持续发展的需要，统筹保障能源安全、优化能源结构、促进能源转型和节约能源、保护生态环境等因素，分类制定和完善能源开发利用政策。

第二十二条　国家支持优先开发利用可再生能源，合理开发和清洁高效利用化石能源，推进非化石能源安全可靠有序替代化石能源，提高非化石能源消费比重。

第二十三条　国务院能源主管部门会同国务院有关部门制定并组织实施可再生能源在能源消费中的最低比重目标。

第二十四条　国家统筹水电开发和生态保护，严格控制开发建设小型水电站。

第二十五条　国家推进风能、太阳能开发利用，坚持集中式与分布式并举，加快风电和光伏发电基地建设，支持分布式风电和光伏发电就近开发利用，合理有序开发海上风电，积极发展光热发电。

第二十六条　国家鼓励合理开发利用生物质能，因地制宜发展生物质发电、生物质能清洁供暖和生物液体燃料、生物天然气。

第二十七条　国家积极安全有序发展核电。

第二十八条　国家优化煤炭开发布局和产业结构，鼓励发展煤矿矿区循环经济，优化煤炭消费结构，促进煤炭清洁高效利用，发挥煤炭在能源供应体系中的基础保障和系统调节作用。

第二十九条　国家采取多种措施，加大石油、天然气资源勘探开发力度，增强石油、天然气国内供应保障能力。

第三十条　国家推动燃煤发电清洁高效发展，根据电力系统稳定运行和电力供应保障的需要，合理布局燃煤发电建设，提高燃煤发电的调节能力。

第三十一条　国家加快构建新型电力系统，加强电源电网协同建设，推进电网基础设施智能化改造和智能微电网建设，提高电网对可再生能源的接纳、配置和调控能力。

第三十二条　国家合理布局、积极有序开发建设抽水蓄能电站，推进新型储能高质量发展，发挥各类储能在电力系统中的调节作用。

第三十三条　国家积极有序推进氢能开发利用，促进氢能产业高质量发展。

第三十四条　国家推动提高能源利用效率，鼓励发展分布式能源和多能互补、多能联供综合能源服务，积极推广合同能源管理等市场化节约能源服务，提高终端能源消费清洁化、低碳化、高效化、智能化水平。

第三十五条　能源企业、能源用户应当按照国家有关规定配备、使用能源和碳排放计量器具。

第三十六条　承担电力、燃气、热力等能源供应的企业，应当依照法律、法规和国家有关规定，保障营业区域内的能源用户获得安全、持续、可靠的能源供应服务，没有法定或者约定事由不得拒绝或者中断能源供应服务，不得擅自提高价格、违法收取费用、减少供应数量或者限制购买数量。

第三十七条　国家加强能源基础设施建设和保护。任何单位或者个人不得从事危及能源基础设施安全的活动。

第三十八条　国家按照城乡融合、因地制宜、多能互补、综合利用、提升服务的原则，鼓励和扶持农村的能源发展，重点支持革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、欠发达地区农村的能源发展，提高农村的能源供应能力和服务水平。

第三十九条　从事能源开发利用活动，应当遵守有关生态环境保护、安全生产和职业病防治等法律、法规的规定，减少污染物和温室气体排放，防止对生态环境的破坏，预防、减少生产安全事故和职业病危害。

Chapter III Energy Development and Utilization

Article 21 The State shall formulate and improve policies for energy development and utilization on a classified basis in light of energy and resource endowments and the needs of sustainable economic and social development, make overall plans to ensure energy security, optimize the energy structure, promote energy transformation, save energy and protect the ecological environment.

Article 22 The State supports the priority development and utilization of renewable energy, the rational development and clean and efficient use of fossil energy, the promotion of safe, reliable and orderly replacement of fossil energy by non-fossil energy, and the increase in the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption. 

Article 23 The competent energy department under The State Council shall, together with the relevant departments under The State Council, formulate and organize the implementation of the target of the minimum proportion of renewable energy in energy consumption. 

Article 24 The State shall make overall plans for hydropower development and ecological protection, and strictly control the development and construction of small hydropower stations. 

Article 25 The State promotes the development and utilization of wind energy and solar energy, insists on both centralized and distributed development, accelerates the construction of wind power and photovoltaic power generation bases, supports the nearby development and utilization of distributed wind power and photovoltaic power generation, develops offshore wind power in a reasonable and orderly manner, and actively develops solar-thermal power generation.

Article 26 The State encourages the rational development and utilization of biomass energy, and develops biomass power generation, biomass clean heating, bio-liquid fuel and bio-natural gas according to local conditions. 

Article 27 The State actively develops nuclear power in a safe and orderly manner. 

Article 28 The State optimizes the layout of coal development and industrial structure, encourages the development of circular economy in coal mining areas, optimizes the structure of coal consumption, promotes the clean and efficient utilization of coal, and gives full play to the role of coal in the basic guarantee and systematic regulation of the energy supply system.

Article 29 The State shall take a variety of measures to intensify the exploration and development of oil and natural gas resources and enhance the ability to ensure the domestic supply of oil and natural gas.

Article 30 The State promotes the clean and efficient development of coal-fired power generation, rationally arranges the construction of coal-fired power generation in accordance with the needs of the stable operation of the electric power system and the guarantee of electric power supply, and improves the adjustment capacity of coal-fired power generation.

Article 31 The State accelerates the construction of a new type of power system, strengthens the coordinated construction of power grids, promotes the intelligent transformation of power grid infrastructure and the construction of smart microgrids, and improves the grid's capacity for accepting, allocating and regulating renewable energy.

Article 32 The State rationally distributes, actively and orderly develops and builds pumped storage power stations, promotes the high-quality development of new energy storage, and gives play to the regulating role of various types of energy storage in the power system.

Article 33 The State actively and orderly promotes the development and utilization of hydrogen energy, and promotes the high-quality development of the hydrogen energy industry.

Article 34 The State promotes the improvement of energy utilization efficiency, encourages the development of distributed energy sources and comprehensive energy services that are complementary to and jointly supplied by multiple energy sources, actively promotes market-based energy conservation services such as contract energy management, and improves the level of clean, low-carbon, efficient and intelligent end-use energy consumption. 

Article 35 Energy enterprises and energy users shall equip and use energy and carbon emission measuring instruments in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State.

Article 36 Enterprises undertaking the supply of electricity, gas, heat and other energy shall, in accordance with laws, regulations and relevant provisions of the State, ensure that energy users within their business areas have access to safe, continuous and reliable energy supply services, and shall not refuse or interrupt energy supply services without statutory or agreed reasons. It is not allowed to raise the price without authorization, illegally collect fees, reduce the supply quantity or limit the purchase quantity.

Article 37 The State shall strengthen the construction and protection of energy infrastructure. No unit or individual may engage in activities that endanger the safety of energy infrastructure. 

Article 38 The State encourages and supports energy development in rural areas in accordance with the principles of integrating urban and rural areas, adapting to local conditions, complemiting multiple energy sources, making comprehensive use of them and improving services, focusing on energy development in old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and rural areas in less developed areas, and improving energy supply capacity and service level in rural areas.

Article 39 The activities of energy development and utilization shall comply with the provisions of laws and regulations concerning ecological environmental protection, safe production and prevention of occupational diseases, so as to reduce the emission of pollutants and greenhouse gases, prevent damage to the ecological environment, and prevent and reduce production safety accidents and occupational diseases.

第四章　能源市场体系

第四十条　国家鼓励、引导各类经营主体依法投资能源开发利用、能源基础设施建设等，促进能源市场发展。

第四十一条　国家推动能源领域自然垄断环节独立运营和竞争性环节市场化改革，依法加强对能源领域自然垄断性业务的监管和调控，支持各类经营主体依法按照市场规则公平参与能源领域竞争性业务。

第四十二条　国务院能源主管部门会同国务院有关部门协调推动全国统一的煤炭、电力、石油、天然气等能源交易市场建设，推动建立功能完善、运营规范的市场交易机构或者交易平台，依法拓展交易方式和交易产品范围，完善交易机制和交易规则。

第四十三条　县级以上人民政府及其有关部门应当强化统筹调度组织，保障能源运输畅通。

第四十四条　国家鼓励能源领域上下游企业通过订立长期协议等方式，依法按照市场化方式加强合作、协同发展，提升能源市场风险应对能力。

第四十五条　国家推动建立与社会主义市场经济体制相适应，主要由能源资源状况、产品和服务成本、市场供求状况、可持续发展状况等因素决定的能源价格形成机制。

第四十六条　国家积极促进能源领域国际投资和贸易合作，有效防范和应对国际能源市场风险。

Chapter IV Energy Market System

Article 40 The State encourages and guides all types of business entities to invest in energy development and utilization and energy infrastructure construction in accordance with law, so as to promote the development of the energy market.

Article 41 The State promotes the independent operation of natural monopoly links in the energy sector and the market-oriented reform of competitive links, strengthens supervision and regulation of natural monopoly businesses in the energy sector in accordance with law, and supports all types of business entities to participate fairly in competitive businesses in the energy sector in accordance with law and market rules.

Article 42 The competent energy department under The State Council shall, in conjunction with relevant departments under The State Council, coordinate and promote the construction of unified national energy trading markets for coal, electricity, oil and natural gas, promote the establishment of market trading institutions or trading platforms with complete functions and standardized operations, expand the range of trading methods and trading products in accordance with the law, and improve trading mechanisms and trading rules.

Article 43 People's governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall strengthen overall planning and dispatching organizations to ensure smooth energy transportation. 

Article 44 The State encourages upstream and downstream enterprises in the energy sector to strengthen cooperation and coordinated development in accordance with the law and in accordance with the market-oriented approach through the conclusion of long-term agreements and other means, so as to improve the ability to cope with risks in the energy market. 

Article 45 The State promotes the establishment of an energy price formation mechanism which is compatible with the socialist market economy and which is mainly determined by such factors as the situation of energy resources, the cost of products and services, market supply and demand, and sustainable development. 

Article 46 The State actively promotes international investment and trade cooperation in the field of energy, and effectively prevents and responds to risks in the international energy market.

第五章　能源储备和应急

第四十七条　国家按照政府主导、社会共建、多元互补的原则，建立健全高效协同的能源储备体系，科学合理确定能源储备的种类、规模和方式，发挥能源储备的战略保障、宏观调控和应对急需等功能。

第四十八条　能源储备实行政府储备和企业储备相结合，实物储备和产能储备、矿产地储备相统筹。

第四十九条　政府储备承储运营机构应当依照法律、行政法规和国家有关规定，建立健全内部管理制度，加强储备管理，确保政府储备安全。

第五十条　国家完善能源储备监管体制，加快能源储备设施建设，提高能源储备运营主体专业化水平，加强能源储备信息化建设，持续提升能源储备综合效能。

第五十一条　国家建立和完善能源预测预警体系，提高能源预测预警能力和水平，及时有效对能源供求变化、能源价格波动以及能源安全风险状况等进行预测预警。

第五十二条　国家建立统一领导、分级负责、协调联动的能源应急管理体制。

第五十三条　国务院能源主管部门会同国务院有关部门拟定全国的能源应急预案，报国务院批准后实施。

第五十四条　出现能源供应严重短缺、供应中断等能源应急状态时，有关人民政府应当按照权限及时启动应急响应，根据实际情况和需要，可以依法采取下列应急处置措施：

（1）发布能源供求等相关信息；

（2）实施能源生产、运输、供应紧急调度或者直接组织能源生产、运输、供应；

（3）征用相关能源产品、能源储备设施、运输工具以及保障能源供应的其他物资；

（4）实施价格干预措施和价格紧急措施；

（5）按照规定组织投放能源储备；

（6）按照能源供应保障顺序组织实施能源供应；

（7）其他必要措施。能源应急状态消除后，有关人民政府应当及时终止实施应急处置措施。

第五十五条　出现本法第五十四条规定的能源应急状态时，能源企业、能源用户以及其他有关单位和个人应当服从有关人民政府的统一指挥和安排，按照规定承担相应的能源应急义务，配合采取应急处置措施，协助维护能源市场秩序。

Chapter V Energy Reserve and Emergency

Article 47 The State shall, in accordance with the principles of government-led, society-led and diversified and complementary, establish a sound, efficient and coordinated energy reserve system, scientifically and rationally determine the types, scales and forms of energy reserves, and give full play to the functions of energy reserves such as strategic guarantee, macro-control and response to urgent needs. 

Article 48 Energy reserves shall be combined with government reserves and enterprise reserves, and physical reserves shall be coordinated with production capacity reserves and mineral reserves. 

Article 49 A government reserve storage operation institution shall, in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and relevant provisions of the State, establish and improve its internal management system, strengthen reserve management and ensure the safety of government reserves. 

Article 50 The State improves the energy reserve supervision system, speeds up the construction of energy reserve facilities, raises the level of specialization of energy reserve operators, strengthens the information construction of energy reserves, and continuously improves the overall efficiency of energy reserves.

Article 51 The State establishes and improves the energy forecasting and early warning system, improves the capacity and level of energy forecasting and early warning, and provides timely and effective forecasting and early warning for changes in energy supply and demand, energy price fluctuations and energy security risks. 

Article 52 The State establishes an energy emergency management system featuring unified leadership, different levels of responsibility and coordination. 

Article 53 The competent energy department under The State Council shall, in conjunction with the relevant departments under The State Council, formulate a national energy emergency plan, which shall be submitted to The State Council for approval before implementation. 

Article 54 In case of energy emergency, such as serious shortage of energy supply or interruption of energy supply, the relevant people's governments shall, in accordance with their authority, initiate emergency response in a timely manner, and may, in light of the actual situation and needs, take the following emergency measures according to law:

(1) Releasing information on energy supply and demand;

(2) Implementing emergency dispatching of energy production, transportation and supply or directly organizing energy production, transportation and supply;

(3) requisition related energy products, energy storage facilities, means of transport and other materials to ensure energy supply;

(4) Implementing price intervention measures and price emergency measures;

(5) To organize the release of energy reserves in accordance with relevant regulations;

(6) Organize and implement energy supply in accordance with the order of energy supply guarantee;

(7) Other necessary measures. After the state of energy emergency is eliminated, the relevant people's governments shall promptly terminate the implementation of emergency measures.

Article 55 In the event of an energy emergency as provided for in Article 54 of this Law, energy enterprises, energy users and other relevant units and individuals shall obey the unified command and arrangement of the relevant people's governments, undertake corresponding energy emergency obligations in accordance with the provisions, cooperate in taking emergency measures, and assist in maintaining the order of the energy market. 

第六章　能源科技创新

第五十六条　国家制定鼓励和支持能源科技创新的政策措施，推动建立以国家战略科技力量为引领、企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研深度融合的能源科技创新体系。

第五十七条　国家鼓励和支持能源资源勘探开发、化石能源清洁高效利用、可再生能源开发利用、核能安全利用、氢能开发利用以及储能、节约能源等领域基础性、关键性和前沿性重大技术、装备及相关新材料的研究、开发、示范、推广应用和产业化发展。

第五十八条　国家制定和完善产业、金融、政府采购等政策，鼓励、引导社会资金投入能源科技创新。

第五十九条　国家建立重大能源科技创新平台，支持重大能源科技基础设施和能源技术研发、试验、检测、认证等公共服务平台建设，提高能源科技创新能力和服务能力。

第六十条　国家支持依托重大能源工程集中开展科技攻关和集成应用示范，推动产学研以及能源上下游产业链、供应链协同创新。

第六十一条　国家支持先进信息技术在能源领域的应用，推动能源生产和供应的数字化、智能化发展，以及多种能源协同转换与集成互补。

第六十二条　国家加大能源科技专业人才培养力度，鼓励、支持教育机构、科研机构与企业合作培养能源科技高素质专业人才。

Chapter VI Energy Science and Technology Innovation

Article 56 The State formulates policies and measures to encourage and support innovation in energy science and technology, and promotes the establishment of an energy science and technology innovation system with national strategic science and technology forces as the lead, enterprises as the main body, the market as the guidance and deep integration of industry, university and research.

Article 57 The State encourages and supports the research, development, demonstration, popularization and application and industrial development of basic, key and cutting-edge major technologies, equipment and related new materials in the fields of energy resources exploration and development, clean and efficient utilization of fossil energy, development and utilization of renewable energy, safe utilization of nuclear energy, development and utilization of hydrogen energy, energy storage and energy conservation. 

Article 58 The State formulates and improves industrial, financial and government procurement policies to encourage and guide social funds to invest in energy scientific and technological innovation.

Article 59 The State establishes major energy science and technology innovation platforms, supports the construction of major energy science and technology infrastructure and public service platforms for energy technology research and development, testing, testing and certification, and improves energy science and technology innovation capabilities and service capabilities.

Article 60 The State supports intensive scientific and technological research and integrated application demonstration based on major energy projects, and promotes collaborative innovation of industry-university-research, as well as upstream and downstream energy industry chains and supply chains.

Article 61 The State supports the application of advanced information technology in the field of energy, promotes the digital and intelligent development of energy production and supply, as well as the coordinated conversion, integration and complementarity of various energy sources.

Article 62 The State strengthens the training of energy science and technology professionals, encourages and supports educational institutions, scientific research institutions and enterprises to cooperate in training high-quality energy science and technology professionals.

第七章　监督管理

第六十三条　县级以上人民政府能源主管部门和其他有关部门应当按照职责分工，加强对有关能源工作的监督检查，及时查处违法行为。

第六十四条　县级以上人民政府能源主管部门和其他有关部门按照职责分工依法履行监督检查职责，可以采取下列措施：

（1）进入能源企业、调度机构、能源市场交易机构、能源用户等单位实施现场检查；

（2）询问与检查事项有关的人员，要求其对有关事项作出说明；

（3）查阅、复制与检查事项有关的文件、资料、电子数据；

（4）法律、法规规定的其他措施。

第六十五条　县级以上人民政府能源主管部门和其他有关部门应当加强能源监管协同，提升监管效能，并可以根据工作需要建立能源监管信息系统。

第六十六条　国务院能源主管部门会同国务院有关部门加强能源行业信用体系建设，按照国家有关规定建立信用记录制度。

第六十七条　因能源输送管网设施的接入、使用发生的争议，可以由省级以上人民政府能源主管部门进行协调，协调不成的，当事人可以向人民法院提起诉讼；当事人也可以直接向人民法院提起诉讼。

第六十八条　任何单位和个人对违反本法和其他有关能源的法律、法规的行为，有权向县级以上人民政府能源主管部门或者其他有关部门举报。接到举报的部门应当及时依法处理。

Chapter VII Supervision and Administration

Article 63 The competent departments of energy and other relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the division of duties, strengthen the supervision and inspection of energy related work and promptly investigate and handle illegal acts.

Article 64 The competent departments of energy and other relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level may, in accordance with the division of functions and responsibilities, perform their duties of supervision and inspection according to law and take the following measures:

(1) entering energy enterprises, dispatching agencies, energy market trading institutions, energy users and other units to carry out on-site inspections;

(2) to interrogate the personnel related to the inspection items and ask them to explain the relevant items;

(3) to consult and copy documents, materials and electronic data related to the items under inspection;

(4) Other measures prescribed by laws and regulations.

Article 65 The competent energy department of the people's government at or above the county level and other relevant departments shall strengthen the coordination of energy supervision, improve the efficiency of supervision, and may establish an energy supervision information system according to the needs of the work.

Article 66 The competent energy department under The State Council shall, together with the relevant departments under The State Council, strengthen the construction of the credit system in the energy industry and establish a credit record system in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State.

Article 67 Disputes arising from the access to or use of energy transmission network facilities may be coordinated by the competent department of energy of the people's government at or above the provincial level; if coordination fails, the parties may bring a lawsuit in a people's court; A party may also bring a suit directly in a people's court.

Article 68 Any unit or individual shall have the right to report to the competent department of energy of the people's government at or above the county level or other relevant departments any violation of this Law and other laws and regulations concerning energy. The department receiving the report shall promptly handle it according to law.

第八章　法律责任

第六十九条　县级以上人民政府能源主管部门或者其他有关部门的工作人员违反本法规定，滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊的，依法给予处分。

第七十条　违反本法规定，承担电力、燃气、热力等能源供应的企业没有法定或者约定事由拒绝或者中断对营业区域内能源用户的能源供应服务，或者擅自提高价格、违法收取费用、减少供应数量、限制购买数量的，由县级以上人民政府能源主管部门或者其他有关部门按照职责分工责令改正，依法给予行政处罚；情节严重的，对有关主管人员和直接责任人员依法给予处分。

第七十一条　违反本法规定，能源输送管网设施运营企业未向符合条件的企业等经营主体公平、无歧视开放并提供能源输送服务的，由省级以上人民政府能源主管部门或者其他有关部门按照职责分工责令改正，给予警告或者通报批评；拒不改正的，处相关经营主体经济损失额二倍以下的罚款；情节严重的，对有关主管人员和直接责任人员依法给予处分。

第七十二条　违反本法规定，有下列情形之一的，由县级以上人民政府能源主管部门或者其他有关部门按照职责分工责令改正，给予警告或者通报批评；拒不改正的，处十万元以上二十万元以下的罚款：

（1）承担电力、燃气、热力等能源供应的企业未公示服务规范、收费标准和投诉渠道等，或者未为能源用户提供公共查询服务；

（2）能源输送管网设施运营企业未按照规定公开能源输送管网设施接入和输送能力以及运行情况信息；

（3）能源企业未按照规定提供价格成本等相关数据；

（4）有关单位未按照规定向能源主管部门或者其他有关部门报送相关信息。

第七十三条　违反本法规定，能源企业、能源用户以及其他有关单位或者个人在能源应急状态时不服从有关人民政府的统一指挥和安排、未按照规定承担能源应急义务或者不配合采取应急处置措施的，由县级以上人民政府能源主管部门或者其他有关部门按照职责分工责令改正，给予警告或者通报批评；拒不改正的，对个人处一万元以上五万元以下的罚款，对单位处十万元以上五十万元以下的罚款，并可以根据情节轻重责令停业整顿或者依法吊销相关许可证件。

第七十四条　违反本法规定，造成财产损失或者其他损害的，依法承担民事责任；构成违反治安管理行为的，依法给予治安管理处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Chapter VIII Legal Liability

Article 69 Any functionary of the competent department of energy of the people's government at or above the county level or of any other relevant department who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, abuses his power, neglects his duty or engages in malpractices for personal gains shall be punished according to law.

Article 70 Where, in violation of the provisions of this Law, an enterprise undertaking the supply of electricity, gas, heat and other energy sources refuses or interrupts energy supply services to energy users in its business area without legal or agreed reasons, or arbitrarily raises prices, illegally collects fees, reduces supply quantity or limits purchase quantity, The competent department of energy of the people's government at or above the county level or other relevant departments shall, in accordance with the division of functions and duties, order corrections and impose administrative penalties according to law; If the circumstances are serious, the relevant persons in charge and the persons directly responsible shall be given sanctions according to law.

Article 71 Where, in violation of the provisions of this Law, an enterprise operating an energy transmission network facility fails to open up and provide energy transmission services to qualified enterprises and other business entities in a fair and non-discriminatory manner, the competent department of energy of the people's government at or above the provincial level or other relevant departments shall, in accordance with the division of duties, order it to make corrections and give it a warning or a circular of criticism; If it refuses to make corrections, it shall be fined not more than twice the amount of economic loss of the relevant business entity; If the circumstances are serious, the relevant persons in charge and the persons directly responsible shall be given sanctions according to law.

Article 72 In case of any of the following violations of the provisions of this Law, the competent department of energy of the people's government at or above the county level or other relevant departments shall, according to the division of functions and duties, order them to make corrections, give them a warning or circulate a circular of criticism; Whoever refuses to make corrections shall be fined not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan:

(1) undertake electricity, gas, heat and other energy supply enterprises do not publicize service standards, charging standards and complaint channels, or do not provide public inquiry services for energy users;

(2) Energy transmission pipeline network facility operators do not disclose energy transmission pipeline network facility access and transmission capacity and operation information in accordance with the provisions;

(3) Energy enterprises fail to provide relevant data such as prices and costs in accordance with regulations;

(4) The relevant unit fails to submit relevant information to the competent energy department or other relevant departments in accordance with the provisions.

Article 73 Where, in violation of the provisions of this Law, energy enterprises, energy users or other relevant units or individuals fail to obey the unified command and arrangement of the relevant people's governments, fail to undertake energy emergency obligations in accordance with the provisions, or fail to cooperate in taking emergency measures during energy emergency situations, The competent department of energy of the people's government at or above the county level or any other relevant department shall, in accordance with the division of functions and duties, order correction, give warning or circulate a circular of criticism; Those who refuse to make corrections shall be imposed a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan on individuals and a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan on units, and may be ordered to suspend business for rectification according to the seriousness of the circumstances or the relevant licenses may be revoked according to law.

Article 74 Whoever violates the provisions of this Law and causes property losses or other damages shall bear civil liability according to law; If it constitutes an act violating the administration of public security, it shall be punished for the administration of public security according to law; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

第九章　附则

第七十五条　本法中下列用语的含义：

（1）化石能源，是指由远古动植物化石经地质作用演变成的能源，包括煤炭、石油和天然气等。

（2）可再生能源，是指能够在较短时间内通过自然过程不断补充和再生的能源，包括水能、风能、太阳能、生物质能、地热能、海洋能等。

（3）非化石能源，是指不依赖化石燃料而获得的能源，包括可再生能源和核能。

（4）生物质能，是指利用自然界的植物和城乡有机废物通过生物、化学或者物理过程转化成的能源。

（5）氢能，是指氢作为能量载体进行化学反应释放出的能源。

第七十六条　军队的能源开发利用管理，按照国家和军队有关规定执行。

第七十七条　中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的涉及能源的国际条约与本法有不同规定的，适用国际条约的规定，但中华人民共和国声明保留的条款除外。

第七十八条　任何国家或者地区在可再生能源产业或者其他能源领域对中华人民共和国采取歧视性的禁止、限制或者其他类似措施的，中华人民共和国可以根据实际情况对该国家或者该地区采取相应的措施。

第七十九条　中华人民共和国境外的组织和个人实施危害中华人民共和国国家能源安全行为的，依法追究法律责任。

第八十条　本法自2025年1月1日起施行。

Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions

Article 75 The meanings of the following terms used in this Law:

(1) Fossil energy means the energy sources evolved from ancient animal and plant fossils through geological processes, including coal, oil and natural gas.

(2) Renewable energy refers to energy sources that can be continuously replenished and regenerated in a relatively short period of time through natural processes, including water energy, wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy, etc.

(3) Non-fossil energy means energy obtained without reliance on fossil fuels, including renewable energy and nuclear energy.

(4) Biomass energy means energy converted from natural plants and urban and rural organic wastes through biological, chemical or physical processes.

(5) Hydrogen energy refers to the energy released by the chemical reaction of hydrogen as an energy carrier.

Article 76 The administration of energy development and utilization in the armed forces shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State and the armed forces. 

Article 77 If an international treaty concerning energy concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China contains provisions different from those of this Law, the provisions of the international treaty shall apply, except those provisions on which the People's Republic of China has declared reservations.

Article 78 Where any country or region adopts discriminatory prohibitions, restrictions or other similar measures against the People's Republic of China in the renewable energy industry or other energy fields, the People's Republic of China may, in light of the actual situation, take corresponding measures against that country or region.

Article 79 Any organization or individual outside the territory of the People's Republic of China that commits an act endangering the national energy security of the People's Republic of China shall be investigated for legal responsibility according to law.

Article 80 This Law shall go into effect as of January 1, 2025.